34 results
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin B12 ... Deficiency - Cobalamin ... pylori infection, B12 ... BrighamChiefs #Vitamin #B12 ... #Deficiency #Cobalamin
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... Etiology: • Vit B12 ... - aka cobalamin ... level (< 200 pg ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency
Prevalence of Common Nutritional Deficiencies and Supplement Recommendations in Bariatric Patients 
Calcium, Vitamin B1 (thiamine), Vitamin
Calcium, Vitamin B1 ... thiamine), Vitamin B12 ... (cobalamin), Folic
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... syndrome Food-bound cobalamin ... deficiency #low #cobalamin
Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
In the diet:
5-15 pg/day (min. 1-5)
B12
Protein
HC
pH t
B12
Duodenum
Stomach
1
B12
R-protein
Protein
From saliva
R-protein
Intrinsic factor
Pancreas
B12
R-Protein
Trypsin
B12
Terminal ileum
B12
IF
2
Specific binding to receptors of
Cobalamin (vitamin ... B12) In the diet ... : 5-15 pg/day ( ... min. 1-5) B12 ... Protein HC pH t B12
Medications for the Management of Anemia

TREATMENT OF ANEMIA
 - Cyanocobalamin/B12
 - Erythropoietin/epoetin alfa
 - Darbepoetin alfa
Cyanocobalamin/B12 ... Medications #Management #Pharmacology
Metformin in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Immediate release:
 • Initial 500 mg or 850 mg once daily
 •
Monitor vitamin B12 ... risk of vitamin B12 ... Metformin #CKD #pharmacology
Cardioselective Beta Blockers (B1) Mnemonic - MANBABE
M - Metoprolol 
A - Atenolol 
N - Nebivolol 
B
Beta Blockers (B1 ... #BetaBlockers #B1 ... Beta1 #Mnemonic #Pharmacology
Beta Blockers Overview - Beta Adrenergic Antagonists
Cardioselective:
M - Metoprolol 
A - Atenolol 
N - Nebivolol 
B
Remember that we have B1 ... our hearts while B2 ... albuterol is a B2 ... NonSelective #Mnemonic #Pharmacology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... titration • B12 ... #Metformin #Pharmacology