32 results
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... , often from vascular ... hyperextension -> Upper extremity ... Primarily Upper Extremity ... #orthopedics #neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... stopping walking (vascular ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Tonic-clonic Provoked: • Vascular ... thrombosis, Congenital vascular ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Traumatic brain injury ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lumbar stenosis • Vascular ... or absent lower extremity ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Intra-Renal: • Vascular ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
Upper Extremity ... spared in this injury ... #UpperLimb #Extremity ... Myotomes #diagnosis #neurology ... sensory #motor #arm #physicalexam
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
of Acute Kidney Injury ... Dehydration • Vascular ... Acute #Kidney #Injury ... #Differential #Nephrology ... GrepMed Recommended Text
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
upper motor neuron injury ... Hoffmann's reflex test ... clinical #video #neurology ... #physicalexam
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Repetitive strain injury ... Trauma • Crush injury ... cyanosis - Cool extremity ... diagnosis #lower #extremity ... #msk #physicalexam
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Guillain-Barre syndrome ... Phrenic nerve injury ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome ... Mitochondrial myopathy, Muscular ... differential #diagnosis #neurology