28 results
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Patellofemoral pain syndrome ... Tarsal tunnel syndrome ... • Compartment syndrome ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs
Physical Exam findings in Lower Extremity DVT - Likelihood Ratios
 - Asymmetric calf swelling, ≥2 cm
Swelling of entire leg ... - Any calf or ankle ... - NS - Homans sign ... Likelihood #Ratios #PhysicalExam
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
L2, L3, L4 • Ankle ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... and bilateral leg ... sensory #motor #leg ... #physicalexam
Tone - Leg Traction on Physical Exam
Leg traction is done by holding the leg by the
Tone - Leg Traction ... by the ankle. ... maintain a flexed angle ... is a sign of hypotonia ... tone #Newborn #PhysicalExam
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... saddle anesthesia. leg ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Acute peroneal compartment syndrome on POCUS
After a minor ankle twist POCUS - muscle tear & hematoma.
peroneal compartment syndrome ... After a minor ankle ... #compartment #syndrome ... POCUS #clinical #msk ... #ultrasound #leg
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... pulsations on funduscopy ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #headache #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... Signs and symptoms ... VEP’s: EEG of visual
Scoliosis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings (Cobb Angle > 10 Degrees)

 • Incr Axial rotation of thoracic
findings (Cobb Angle ... Breasts, Apparent Leg ... vertebra (Cobb Angle ... pathophysiology #msk ... #diagnosis #signs