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management neurology differential rheumatology causes encephalopathy hepatology radiology activation als amyotrophic cauda caudaequina celiac classification clinical cns deposition dermatitis dermatology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions: • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100) • Other
- Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... : • Multiple Sclerosis ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #causes #radiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... Shock, Autoimmune disease ... parietal lobes of the brain ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
perineum, and posterior ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test ... Imaging studies: • MRI ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
neurodegenerative disease ... • Or brainstem syndromes ... resonance imaging [MRI ... criteria for MS ... Treatment: •
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) - MSK Radiology Imaging Findings: • Ovoid hypointense structures along the bursal surface
• MRI shows globular ... show blooming on gradient-echo ... • Treatment for ... Progressive systemic sclerosis ... #clinical #mri
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Presentation: - Disease ... course of the disease ... : months - Criteria ... MRI: Brain, cervical ... column Treatment
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Criteria: • Sensory ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... ruled out • Brain ... brain and/or optic ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
IL-1 and IL-6, leading ... Liver function tests ... Histopathologic criteria ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... #Diagnosis #Management
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary Definition: • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Alteration in brain ... over course of disease ... Malnutrition, TIPS West ... Haven Criteria: ... Encephalopathy #Grading
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... 10 minutes of rest ... Criteria: • Underlying ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient ... #treatment #hepatology
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