717 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
diffuse light reflex ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... : Spore ingestion ... often ordered in reflex ... • Flex-Sig: If
Pediatric Primitive Reflexes - Maneuver and Ages

Palmar Grasp Reflex
 - Place your fingers into the baby's
Plantar Grasp Reflex ... Rooting Reflex ... Moro Reflex (Startle ... Reflex) - Hold ... Pediatrics #Peds #Diagnosis
Baroreceptor Reflex Pathophysiology

#Baroreceptor #Reflex #Pathophysiology
Baroreceptor Reflex ... Pathophysiology ... #Baroreceptor #Reflex ... #Pathophysiology
Cushing's Reflex - Pathophysiology
HYPERTENSION with a reflex BRADYCARDIA
 → ↑ ICP 
 → ↓ CBF
 →
Cushing's Reflex ... - Pathophysiology ... HYPERTENSION with a reflex ... HR #Cushings #Reflex ... #Pathophysiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Gag reflex ... • Cough reflex ... neurology #comatose #diagnosis
Plantar Reflex (Babinski) Equivalents
Plantar toe reflex - Babinski - Move an object along the lateral aspect
Plantar Reflex ( ... Achilles-toe reflex ... Shin-toe reflex ... Calf-toe reflex ... and release #Diagnosis
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Sensory Motor Reflex ... Flexion Biceps Reflex ... Brachioradialis Reflex ... Extension Triceps Reflex ... #differential #diagnosis
Motor and Reflex Grading (0-5)

Motor Strength Grading

5	Normal

4	Reduced, moves against resistance

3	Moves against gravity

2	Moves only with elimination of
Motor and Reflex ... only 0 None Reflex ... None #Motor #Reflex ... Scoring #Grades #Diagnosis
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Neurochemical abnormalities
 • Hyper-vigilance
 • Emotional hyper-arousal
 • Exaggerated startle reflex
 • Anxiety
Exaggerated startle reflex ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms