1253 results
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
↓ pH → ↓ NH3 (relatively ... absorption), ↑ NH4+ (relatively ... ammonia #hepatology #pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... insulin demand Relative ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... , First-degree relative ... with PBC Pathophysiology ... Biliary #Cirrhosis #Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... an absolute or relative ... details of the pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology
Risk factors for atherosclerosis

Modifiable risk factors:
 - Dyslipidemia (elevated LDL, decreased HDL)
 - Tobacco smoking
 -
among first-degree relatives ... for females) #Pathophysiology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
< 18 mEq/L • Relatively ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
Hypomagnesia -> The relative ... onset) - Incr C-reactive ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Correlating the Ovarian and Uterine Cycles
Note: Some charts show different relative levels of
show different relative ... to compare the relative ... #OvarianCycle #pathophysiology
In ARDS, we know that the lungs are so diffusely injured that the remaining total area
total area of relatively ... with regions of relative ... #pathophysiology
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
likelihood of negative ... indicator of infection relative ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology