678 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma: ... mutated in one cell ... transformation of the cell ... mutated in all cells ... transformation of the cell
Leukocoria on Ocular Examination

#Leukocoria #Ocular #PhysicalExam #clinical #video #ophthalmology #retinoblastoma #pediatrics
PhysicalExam #clinical #video ... ophthalmology #retinoblastoma
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... : - B or T cell ... CD3-CD4+ T cells
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... - Increased Cell ... imports K+ into cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the series of tightly regulated steps that controls cell growth
factor (regulators) Retinoblastoma ... factor E2F (in the case ... factor (in the case ... proteins) that cause ... transcription factor #Rb #Retinoblastoma
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Epithelial cells ... Renal tubular cells ... Dysmorphic red cells ... casts - Diagnostic ... • Hyaline casts
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
is entirely T-Cell ... exposure to allergen causes ... allergen-specific T-Cell ... exposure, because T-Cell ... harmful -> Th Cells
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Glomerular (red blood cells ... eosinophils/white blood cell ... casts on UA) - ... (renal tubular cell ... treating underlying cause
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Features of a Sickle Cell ... Crisis Sickle-cell ... These cells can ... Crises can be precipitated ... Sickle cell disease
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes ... mast-cell degranulation ... antibodies bind to cell ... Form: Soluble/cell ... T-cells recruit