494 results
Causes of Solid or Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Solid Renal Mass:
 • Benign <3
Causes of Solid ... Diagnosis Algorithm Solid ... - Anechoic on ultrasound ... CT contrast #Solid ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Drugs that Cause Fever
Most commonly:
Amphotericin B, Antihistamines, Asparaginase, Barbiturates, Bleomycin sulfate, Methyldopa, Penicillins, Phenytoin sodium, Procainamide,
Drugs that Cause ... Penicillins, Phenytoin sodium ... Nitrofurantoin sodium ... #Drug #Fever #causes
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... ) - Solid tumors ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... disease - Renal ultrasound ... Duplex Doppler ultrasound ... Oral sodium loading
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... ACTH • ↓ Serum sodium ... tests: - Check sodium
Adnexal Masses - Benign vs Malignant Features on Ultrasound and MRI
Benign Features: 
B1- Unilocular 
B2- Presence
Adnexal Masses - ... Malignant Features on Ultrasound ... B2- Presence of solid ... M1- Irregular solid ... benign #malignant #ultrasound
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Amyl nitrite - causes ... binds cyanide - Sodium
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
or iatrogenic causes ... • Call for ultrasound ... re-assess using ultrasound ... of underlying cause ... small volume may cause
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
109 mEq/L • Sodium ... K - 4 mEq • Sodium ... : 28 mole/L of sodium ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause