3005 results
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
Causes of Myocarditis ... granulosus, Taenia solium ... more commonly cause ... phosphorus, arsenic, sodium ... #Myocarditis #Causes
Drugs that Cause Fever
Most commonly:
Amphotericin B, Antihistamines, Asparaginase, Barbiturates, Bleomycin sulfate, Methyldopa, Penicillins, Phenytoin sodium, Procainamide,
Drugs that Cause ... Penicillins, Phenytoin sodium ... Nitrofurantoin sodium ... #Drug #Fever #causes
How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
How much sodium ... saline = 0.9% sodium ... contains 154 meq of sodium ... about as much sodium ... ns #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional Excretion of Sodium ... Fractional #Excretion #Sodium
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium
Drugs affecting the cardiac action potential. The sharp rise in voltage ("0") corresponds to the influx
the influx of sodium ... correspond to the sodium-channel ... Antiarrhythmics #Classes
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Composition of LR: • Sodium ... 109 mEq/L • Sodium ... K - 4 mEq • Sodium ... : 28 mole/L of sodium ... urine volume and sodium
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Amyl nitrite - causes ... binds cyanide - Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium