10 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... Patterns #Comparison #Normal
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Normal B. ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Pulmonary Function ... Testing: Flow Volume Loop ... and persevered FEV1 ... nickmmark #FlowVolume ... #Loops #pulmonary
Asthma
Chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway and variable expiratory air flow obstruction
There are 2
obstruction: • FEV1 ... 0.70 or lower • FEV1 ... lower limit of normal ... Reversibility on spirometry ... or greater in FEV
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Exam: Usually normal ... spirometry - FEV1 ... often normal or ... near normal between ... spirometry - FEV1
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Interpretation Algorithm

Approach to PFTs:
1) Look at Flow-Volume Loop if available
2) FEV1/FVC <
Pulmonary Function ... at Flow-Volume Loop ... available 2) FEV1 ... #Pulmonary #Function
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Remote use of loop ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... alkalosis - Normal ... mineralocorticoid-like effect) • Normal ... salicylate poisoning • Normal
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... alkalosis • Normal ... salicylate poisoning Normal ... In a normal gap
Perform computations online at:
ScyMed.com
6th ED
ICU-card
«ICU, Formulas & Drugs»
HEMODYNAMIC PATTERNS
Condition
SAP
CVP

PAP PCWP

CO C(a-v)02 PVR

SVR
Hypovolemic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↑
↑
Cardiogenic shock
↓
1
↑
1

1
↑

Septic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↓
↓
↓
Cardiac Tamponade
.
↑
↑
1
↓

→
↑
RV
/EDV Ejection Fraction ... CI/BVI Blood Flow ... physiologic) FVC FEV1 ... Capacity >3.0 L FEV1 ... 5.2561) 19-21 % Fraction
Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
 - Pulmonary Fibrosis -> Crackles, Abnormal CXR
 - Pulmonary Hypertension, Right Heart
Fibrosis -> Crackles, Abnormal ... contractures - Tendon friction ... Peri-ungal capillary loops