63 results
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... - Differential Diagnosis ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... • Meniere's Disease ... symptoms/signs,
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Adrenals: • Lung ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... #signs #symptoms
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived ... Long symptom-free ... signs or symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... with vascular causes ... No auditory symptoms ... test Méniére's disease ... Long symptom-free
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Muscular Injury ... • Trauma - Neurologic ... ChestPain #Noncardiac #Cardiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19
 • Neurologic: Headaches, Dizziness, Encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré, Ageusia, Myalgia, Anosmia, Stroke
 • Renal:
of COVID-19 • Neurologic ... : Acute kidney injury ... Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, Nausea ... Extrapulmonary #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... #Disease #Tuberculosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Immune mediated injury ... basement membrane disease ... hematuria • Signs ... of glomerular disease ... #causes #urology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... acute HF → no signs ... coronary artery disease