13 results
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Pathophysiology ... and LMN signs in ... and LMN signs to ... and LMN signs on ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
signs (Hyperreflexia ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... : Areflexia UMN ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
blood vessels (vasculitis ... inflammation (Scleritis ... infiltration damages tear ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
aneurysms can also ... well as inner ear ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... , particularly scleritis ... purpura: strong sign
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... horizontal movements; also ... • Examine for signs ... If ok with ICU team ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... failure PBC Signs ... and Symptoms: ... > 1.5 x ULN • ... cholestasis, Primary sclerosis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
, particularly scleritis ... purpura: Strong sign ... • Progressive symptoms ... aneurysms can also ... well as inner ear
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
diffuse light reflex ... damaged BRB appears as ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... Spasticity - Reflexes ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... - Sjogren - Vasculitis