26 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
(correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Causes #Screening #Workup
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... @aishaikh #Hypocalcemia ... #Workup #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... #Causes #differential
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #Medications #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Bartter syndrome ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
BEE Syndromes - ... recessive—Usher syndrome ... • Other • Syndromes ... aura #BEE #Syndromes ... #differential #
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Emergencies - Differential ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... of breath • Neurologic ... Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... - Compartment syndrome ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... or compartment syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential ... Hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome ... White-coat syndrome ... Guillain-Barre Syndrome