504 results
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the series of tightly regulated steps that controls cell growth
factor E2F (in the case ... factor (in the case ... proteins) that cause ... gene (TP53) to ... #cell #cycle #p53
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... : - B or T cell ... CD3-CD4+ T cells
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes ... mast-cell degranulation ... Form: Soluble/cell ... T-cells recruit ... classification #comparison
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift Into Cells ... - Increased Cell ... imports K+ into cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Epithelial cells ... Renal tubular cells ... Dysmorphic red cells ... casts - Diagnostic ... • Hyaline casts
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Glomerular (red blood cells ... eosinophils/white blood cell ... casts on UA) - ... (renal tubular cell ... treating underlying cause
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
of ALL is of B-cell ... involvement • T-cell ... -> AML: Blast crises ... : Granulocytic cells ... form of large cell
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
occur Red blood cell ... casts - Absent ... +++ Red blood cell ... casts - Present ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Features of a Sickle Cell ... Crisis Sickle-cell ... These cells can ... Crises can be precipitated ... Sickle cell disease
Hodgkin's Lymphoma vs Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Comparison

Hodgkin's Lymphoma:
 • Epidemiology: young adults 20-30, older 50-70
 •
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma - Comparison ... typically of B-cell ... type (B cell, T ... cells, natural ... #NonHodgkins #comparison