48 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
S1 => Weakened stability ... XR — scotty dog sign ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
micro-damage exceeds ability ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ... age, however the disease ... Diagnosis: HLH signs ... • Bicytopenia Treatment ... #hematology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ... (HLH) Pathophysiology ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Adult-onset Still disease ... Unknown cause Treatment
Rheumatoid Arthritis Summary
MCP and PIP Involvement, Spares DIP, Carpal Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome, Epi/Scleritis, Heart Disease, Rheumatoid
Scleritis, Heart Disease ... Nodules, Pulmonary Disease ... : Atlantoaxial Instability ... RA #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #signs #symptoms
Maculopapular - Diagnostic Algorithm
Pathophysiology:
- Catch-all term with a wide range of potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and causative
Diagnostic Algorithm Pathophysiology ... - Pathophysiology ... Ill-appearing, vital sign ... instability - ... #Diagnosis #Dermatology
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
acquired forms of haemophagocytic ... A subset of hemophagocytic ... Treatment: • Corticosteroids ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology ... #Rheumatology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... Complications: • Inability ... FemoralHead #Fractures #msk ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Polycythemia Vera (PV) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Diagnostic Criteria:
 • Elevated hemoglobin and/or hematocrit AND
 •
present, symptoms, signs ... Splenomegaly Treatment ... • Treatment is ... von Willebrand disease ... #hematology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... organ damage • Treatment ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #hematology