15 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential ... history of cancer, HIV ... Space-occupying brain ... lesionCNS ... infection (e.g.,
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... splenomegaly Other infections ... Infectious: ... #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology
Algorithm for evaluating multiple ring-enhancing lesions in immunocompetent (HIV negative)

#ringenhancing #lesions #cns #brain #diagnosis #differential #algorithm
ring-enhancing lesions ... immunocompetent (HIV ... #cns #brain #diagnosis ... #differential # ... causes #radiology #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Infections in HIV ... #CNS #Infections ... #differential #
Stroke Mimics - Differential Diagnosis - MINT Mnemonic
 • Metabolic: Hyper-glycemia, Hypoglycemia, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy
Stroke Mimics - Differential ... Hypercarbia • Infectious ... Bell's palsy (HSV ... Vestibular neuronitis, CNS ... MINT #Mnemonic #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
early stages of infection ... bilateral white matter lesions ... well-defined than PML lesions ... Findings: • Rule out infectious ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
CNS: parietal ... common cause) • Infection ... encephalitis) • Brain ... lesions (e.g. stroke ... #differential
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... pulmonary etc) • CNS ... nervous system: Brain ... : Brain abscess ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
ring-enhanced lesion ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... contrast enhancement Brain ... Tuberculosis #diagnosis #differential ... #TB #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... nervous system (CNS ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... LHON) plus MRI lesions ... noninflammatory #differential