13 results
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
lung nodules, may also ... splenomegaly Other infections ... Infectious: ... #Brain #differential ... causes #radiology #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential ... history of cancer, HIV ... Space-occupying brain ... lesionCNS ... infection (e.g.,
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
CNS Infection in ... HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Infections in HIV ... #CNS #Infections ... #differential #
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
early stages of infection ... bilateral white matter lesions ... well-defined than PML lesions ... reversible • HAND is also ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... pulmonary etc) • CNS ... nervous system: Brain ... : Brain abscess ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
ring-enhanced lesion ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... contrast enhancement Brain ... Tuberculosis #diagnosis #differential ... #TB #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
affecting the Brain ... is important, as ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... LHON) plus MRI lesions ... noninflammatory #differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
characterized by: • Headache ... showing cortical lesions ... Reversible course Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... Vasculitis Differential ... 50 years • New headache ... Progressive symptoms of headache ... aneurysms can also
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... ruled out • Brain ... simplex virus, HIV ... Myelitis #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #differential