18 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... #Diabetic #Retinopathy ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... complications #pathophysiology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... • Central retinal ... poisoning • Central ... #differential #diagnosis
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... => Central Retinal ... -> Cherry-red spot ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Hypertensive Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient with grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. Papilledema, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots
Hypertensive Retinopathy ... on Fundoscopy Ocular ... and cotton-wool spots ... #cottonwool #Retina ... #Ocular #PhysicalExam
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
with the knee in neutral ... Some sort of end ... #Injury #MSK #Sports ... #pathophysiology ... classification #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

General 
 - Malaise 
 - Clubbing 

Cardiac 
 - Murmurs
Endocarditis General ... Eyes - Roth spots ... Mycotic aneurysm Renal ... Signs #Features #PhysicalExam ... #Diagnosis
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
Pathogenesis and Ocular ... focal melting) -> Retinopathy ... conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
- Differential Diagnosis ... Trauma: • Ocular ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam