11 results
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Trauma: • Ocular ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... • Central venous ... Myxedema coma Vascular ... Differential #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
-> Cotton-wool spots ... Hemorrhages • Focal ... areas of saccular ... venous bulges due ... complications #pathophysiology
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
blood vessels leak serous ... - Distorted central ... - Faded/blind spots ... in central vision ... MacularDegeneration #pathophysiology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... Sausage-like" hemorrhagic retinal ... : • Facial edema ... hypotension, increased jugular ... Progressive decline in mental
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Diffuse and focal ... narrowing and vascular ... Hemorrhages • Serum ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
- Refeeding syndrome ... PVR and increase venous ... : - Impaired short-term ... vascular contraction ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Seizures • Altered mental ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... cortical lesions • Vascular ... leukoencephalopathy, Cerebral venous
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... General: fever, ... (pain): 5-10%, nervous ... iridocyclitis) and facial
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... pulse deficits vascular ... Angiitis of the Central ... gastrointestinal, and/or central ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Sjogren's Syndrome ... lacrimal glands: • Focal ... Involvement: • Central ... nervous system ... tubular acidosis