11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Definitions - Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
1 STABLE ANGINA - Angina
Acute Coronary Syndrome ... (ACS) Definitions ... is reflected by ECG ... changes and a rise ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
HEART Score – A Tool For the ED The HEART score is an excellent tool that
Acute Coronary Syndrome ... (ACS) for admission ... for further workup ... on identifying low ... risk as well as
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
disease b) CHF ... algorithm to determine ... Orthopedic • Low ... one post op Cardiology ... stratification #diagnosis
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
How do you work ... Cardioembolic: • ECG ... CVA 2) No major-risk ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
(SPS) - Diagnosis ... antibody that works ... • CSF: Oligoclonal ... others (botox, sodium ... Management #treatment #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Risk factors 3. ... edema visualized as ... the brain • CSF ... • EEG: With persistent ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... puts patients at risk ... demyelination syndrome ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium