Types of Brain Herniation 1) Uncal Transtentorial 2) Central Transtentorial 3) Subfalcine 4) Transcalvarial 5) Ascending Transtentorial 6) Tonsilar #Brain #Herniation #Types #Classification #diagnosis #neurology #neurosurgery

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm IBS-Constipation: • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics IBS-Diarrhea: • Diarrhea: Loperamide, Bile acid sequestrant • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #IBS #Treatment #Management #Algorithm #gastroenterology

IBS-D Pharmacotherapy Loperamide Rifaximin Eluxadoline Alosetron Antispasmodics Tricyclic antidepressants SSRIs #IBSD #IBS #Diarrhea #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #pharmacology #table #comparison #management #treatment

IBS-C Pharmacotherapy Polyethylene glycol Lubiprostone Linaclotide Plecanatide Tegaserod Tenapanor #IBSC #IBS #Constipation #Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome #pharmacology #table #comparison #management #treatment

Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation, Acute pancreatitis, Postparathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome), Osteoblastic metastasis (hungry bone syndrome) • Extrarenal loss: Nasogastric suction (infrequent), Lactation, Profuse sweating, burns, sepsis, Intestinal or biliary fistula, Diarrhea • Decreased intake: Alcoholism (cirrhosis), Malnutrition, poor intake, Small bowel resection, Malabsorption (steatorrhea) • Renal loss: Ketoacidosis, Saline or osmotic diuresis, Potassium depletion, Phosphorus depletion, Familial hypophosphatemia, Tubulointerstitial renal disease • Drugs: Loop diuretics, Aminoglycosides, Amphotericin B, Vitamin D intoxication, Alcohol, Cisplatin, Theophylline, Proton pump inhibitors, Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus) • Endocrine disorders: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Hyperthyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism, Hypercalcemic states, Primary or secondary aldosteronism #Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential #diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium #low

Chest Pain Diagnosis and Management Algorithm STEMI: - Hx: Pressure like CP, Radiation to arm/jaw, CAD risk factors - PEX: Non-reproducible, Non-pleuritic, N/V/diaphoresis Aortic Dissection: - Hx: Sudden onset, severe, tearing CP, Risks: h/o Marfan, HTN, cocaine - PEX: New murmur, Pulse deficit, Focal neuro deficit, Limb ischemia Pulmonary Embolism: - Hx: Sudden onset pleuritic CP, Dyspnea, PE risk factors - PEX: Dyspnea, Leg pain/swelling, Wells score Pericarditis: - Hx: Pleuritic pain, Preceded by URI, underlying dz (SLE, uremia) - PEX: Positional: worse supine, improves on sitting up, Pericardial friction rub, Fever, ↑WBC Boerhaave's: - Hx: Severe vomiting retrosternal CP, H/O recent instrumentation, EtOH, blunt trauma, caustic ingestion, HIV - PEX: crepitus? Pneumothorax: - Hx: Acute pleuritic pain, Asthenic body, h/o trauma - PEX: Decreased/absent breath sounds, Dyspnea, H/O COPD, asthma, CF, PCP #ChestPain #Diagnosis #Management #Algorithm #differential

Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia Regular Rhythm: • Attempt vagal maneuvers • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV push followed by 12 milligrams IV push if does not convert - Repeat 12-milligram dose once • Converts - Probably AVnRT or AVRT - Observe and monitor - Repeat adenosine if returns - Control rate with AV nodal blocking agents (diltiazem or B-blockers) • Does not convert - Possible atrial flutter, ectopic atrial tachycardia, junctional tachycardia - Control rate (e.g., diltiazem or B-blockers, use B-blockers with caution in pulmonary disease or CHF) - Treat underlying cause Irregular Rhythm: • Probable atrial fibrillation or possible atrial flutter or MAT - Control rate (e.g., diltiazem or B-blockers, use B-blockers with caution in pulmonary disease or CHF) - Treat underlying cause #Stable #NarrowComplex #Tachycardia #Treatment #management #cardiology #algorithm

Cardiogenic Shock: Pathogenesis, complications and clinical findings #Cardiogenic #Shock #pathophysiology #cardiology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms

Typical therapeutic applications of Tetracyclines (Doxycycline) Gram (+) cocci: Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae Gram (+) bacilli: Bacillus anthracis Gram (-) rods: Brucella species, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia pestis Anaerobic organisms: Clostridiunm perfringens, Clostridium tetani Spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi, Leptospira interrogans, Treponema pallidum Mycoplasma: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydia: Chlamydia species Other: Rickettsia rickettsii #Tetracyclines #Doxycycline #indications #coverage #pharmacology #antibiotics

Acute Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Ischemic: Small Bowel vs Large Bowel • Infectious: Diarrhea-Predominant vs Nausea/Vomiting-Predominant • Inflammatory: Bloody vs Non-Bloody • Dietary (osmotic diarrhea) #Acute #Diarrhea #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm