Cold Urticaria Prevalence - 0.05% in the population Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life Causes and clinical associations - 1. Infections 2. Autoimmune diseases 3. Lymphoproliferative diseases 4. Drugs 5. Foods 6. Insect stings Disease trigger - Direct skin contact with cold air, objects, liquids The onset and duration of symptoms - 1-5 minutes after the cold exposure, resolve within one hour or longer. Predisposition - Female predominance Anaphylaxis - 5-50% of patients Skin lesions - Wheals/angioedema Other symptoms - Headache, fever, fatigue, Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, Tachycardia, shortness of breath, Hypotension, shock, Uterine contractions, Disorientation, vertigo Diagnostic tests - Ice cube test, TempTest test Cryoglobulins/cryofibrinogen - < 1% of patients Skin histology - Mast cell degranulation, perivascular cellular infiltration (lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils) Comorbidity - Atopic diseases, Chronic spontaneous urticaria, Chronic inducible urticarias doi: 10.1111/all.14674 #Cold #Urticaria #diagnosis #rheumatology #comparison #table
