The protein complex mTORC1 is a convergence point for multiple signaling pathways that control cell growth and proliferation. These pathways sense the presence or absence of growth factors, hormones, and cytokines through cell-surface receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., INSR and EGFR) and G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), or intracellular nutrients and energy (e.g., amino acids and ATP). Within the upstream signaling network are many oncogenes (orange) and tumor suppressors (pink) that are frequently mutated in sporadic cancers or that are associated with a variety of genetic overgrowth, tumor, and epilepsy syndromes (white boxes) characterized by elevated mTORC1 activation. #Pathophys #mTOR #oncogenes #TumorSuppressors #NEJM
