9 results
The protein complex mTORC1 is a convergence point for multiple signaling pathways that control cell growth
network are many oncogenes ... Pathophys #mTOR #oncogenes
Retroviral Infections: Mechanisms of Oncogenesis
Note: A retrovirus is an RNA virus that uses reverse transcriptase to
Mechanisms of Oncogenesis ... #Retroviral #oncogenesis
Melanoma Pathogenesis

Environmental exposure (UV light) + genetic susceptibility (CDKN2A, CDK4, MC1R, BRAF, p16/ARF genes) → accumulation
that activate oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes vs Tumor Suppressor Genes: a classic and high-yield concept for USMLE and clinical practice

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Proto-oncogenes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemic Rickets • Oncogenic
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
therapy) • ↑FGF23: Oncogenic
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
expression of proto-oncogenes
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- High FGF-23: Oncogenic
Diagnostic Algorithm for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The upper portion of the algorithm shows the morphologic
key treatable oncogenic