Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II Altered Peripheral Resistance I. Direct vasoconstriction II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic neurotransmission: A. Increased NE release B. Decreased NE reuptake C. Increased vascular Ill. Increased sympathetic discharge (CNS) IV. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla Altered Renal Function l. Direct effect to increase Na+ reabsorption in proximal tubule II. Release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex (increased Na+ reabsorption and increased excretion in distal nephron) Ill. Altered renal hemodynamics: A. Direct renal vasoconstriction B. Enhanced noradrenergic neurotransmission in kidney C. Increased renal sympathetic (CNS) Altered Cardiovascular Structure I. Nonhemodynamically mediated effects: A. Increased expression of proto-oncogenes B. Increased production of growth factors C. Increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins III. Hemodynamically mediated A. Increased afterload (cardiac) B. Increased wall tension (vascular) #AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology #Action
