Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Causes #workup ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... #Differential # ... #Causes #Workup ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Insensible losses Sodium ... hypercalcemia - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Chronic diarrhea / IBD ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 β€’ Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - Differential ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Present (Uosm β‰₯100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... the underlying cause ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 β€’ Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Algorithm Isotonic ... Hyponatremia: β€’ Hypovolemia ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm β‰₯ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... appropriate β€’ Hypovolemia ... amyloidosis) β€’ Liver disease ... #nephrology #oncology