Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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differential hyponatremia nephrology shock cancer hyperreflexia hyperthermic hypomagnesemia hypomg hyporeflexia hypotonic low magnesium neurology oncology pathophysiology physiologic sodium syncope testing
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... • Bartter's syndrome ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia Focal Hyporeflexia: • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Syndrome ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Algorithm #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification Reflex Syncope - Vasovagal syncope • Prolonged standing
- Differential Diagnosis ... by Classification ... Subclavian steal syndrome ... #Classification ... #Table #Causes
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison Obstructive Shock: • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Pathophysiology Comparison ... Characterized by hypovolemia ... #criticalcare # ... diagnosis #classification
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework MAP = CO x SVR Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume): • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
- Differential Diagnosis ... findings based on cause ... anaphylaxis, release syndrome ... #table #comparison ... #criticalcare
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Algorithm in Cancer ... UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg ... appropriate • Hypovolemia ... capillary leak syndrome ... chemotherapy, nausea
Hyperthermic Toxidromes Five toxidromes may present with overlapping features: hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, altered mental status/seizures. • Sympathomimetic -
• Serotonin Syndrome ... dopamine blockers (e.g ... pharmacogenetic disease caused ... Hyperthermic #Toxidromes #comparison ... #table #diagnosis
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