Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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diagnosis nephrology algorithm management hypernatremia treatment alkalosis causes hypokalemia insipidus metabolic protocol signs 3 arteritis calculation cancer cerebral channelblockers chloride
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Urine Osmolarity ... 3) Urine Sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... sodium and serum ... - Urine sodium ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm 1) Check serum osmolality 2) Check urine osmolality 3) ADH Dependent - Check volume status, urine
Algorithm 1) Check ... serum osmolality 2) ... sodium, uric acid ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Pathophysiology 1) ... Neurological event 2) ... Sodium loss from ... → Increased urine ... #hyponatremia #
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
(FENa) = (Urine ... / (Serum Na+ x Urine ... Cr) FEurea < 1% ... etiologies FEurea > 2% ... #nephrology #calculation
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Encephalopathy 1) ... L in the first 1- ... sodium should be ... L. 5) Monitor urine ... output for signs
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... Repeat the sodium ... Step 2. ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
DI; high dilute urine ... output is a clue). 1) ... water unavailable 2) ... ([Na] / 140) - 1) ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... +K / serum Na >1 ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... #differential # ... #nephrology
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