Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡ญ ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
(e.g low cardiac ... carrying capacity (e.g ... cannot use oxygen (e.g ... #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 โ€ข Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... shunting (eg, pulmonary ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #pulmonary
Underlying causes of PEA arrest: Hโ€™s and Tโ€™s 

Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen Ion (acidosis), Hypo/Hyper-kalemia, Hypothermia
Toxins, Tamponade,
Underlying causes ... Hypovolemia, Hypoxia ... ), Thrombosis (lungs ... #arrest #HsTs #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Table
Consolidation is synonymous with airspace disease.
When you think of the causes of consolidation, think of 'what
or tumor cells (Table ... UIP, NSIP and long ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... Consolidation #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (โ€œDecr Effective Circulating Volumeโ€) 
 - Volume depletion
Diagnosis by Mechanism ... carcinoma of the lung ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
- Emphysema - Lung ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... LowAttenuation #Differential ... #Diagram #Comparison
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases

LIP: lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. NSIP: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. OP: organizing pneumonia.
disease-associated interstitial lung ... LungDisease #CTILD #Diagnosis ... #Differential # ... Comparison #Table ... #Pulmonary #Rheumatology
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome โ€“ ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
leading to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... consistent with pulmonary ... objective assessmentโ€œ (e.g ... Summary #CheatSheet #Diagnosis
The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) comprise a heterogenous group of disorders. 
They represent fundamental responses of
indicates unknown cause ... listed in the table ... vascular diseases (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest