Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... Plasma HCO3- β€’ Low ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 β€’ Urine Chloride
 β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... β€’ Urine Chloride ... β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology ... #hypokalemia #diagnosis
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
uric acid: - Urine ... sodium low, uric ... and uric acid low ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential Diagnosis ... leukemia Measure Urine ... β€’ Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... β€’ Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 β€’ ↑ in serum Cr of β‰₯ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Diagnosis β€’ ↑ ... type 2 HRS) β€’ Low ... urine Na+ (<10 ... #nephrology #criteria