Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... and concentrated urine ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
, Busulfan • Disease ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... kidney #blood #urine ... #management #treatment ... #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... : UA, Urine protein ... #management #treatment
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Elevated Renin Urine ... dominant kidney disease ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Measure urine osmolality ... demyelination syndrome ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Clarkson’s Disease - Capillary leak syndrome
Epidemiology: Roughly 150 published cases, Median age 50 years, No sex
Capillary leak syndrome ... Hypovolemia: Asthenia ... edema, compartment syndrome ... hypoalbuminemia with no urine ... #diagnosis #management
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
100 mOsm/kg = Urine ... appropriate • Hypovolemia ... capillary leak syndrome ... amyloidosis) • Liver disease ... Cancer #algorithm #nephrology