The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Inflammatory Cascade: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Continued Innate Immunity
 • Phagocytosis: (main mechanism) neutrophils and macrophages engulf
dead tissue • Complement ... destruction), promote inflammation ... activation of complement ... #pathophysiology ... #immunology
C5-C9 Deficiency - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Note:
 • Risk of invasive meningococcal disease is 1000-10000x higher
is rare Normal complement ... response: The complement ... • Inflammation ... #pathophysiology ... #immunology
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
activation • Complement ... tagged with C3 complement ... - Activate Complement ... Humoral #Immunity #pathophysiology ... #immunology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
cells or CTLs -> Inflammation ... HypersensitivityReaction #Allergy #Immunology ... #pathophysiology
Type II Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: When antigens bind to the body's cell surfaces, forming
activates the complement ... HypersensitivityReaction #Allergy #Immunology ... #pathophysiology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ... cell nuclei -> Hyperplasia ... smooth-muscle hyperplasia ... Decreased Prostatic inflammation ... #Prostate #Pathophysiology
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Complications: • Gonadal hypoplasia ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology ... #peds #pediatrics
Fecal Incontinence - Pathogenesis and Complications
Continence mechanisms are impaired
 • Local neuronal damage
 • External and
Disorders • Inflammation ... #Incontinence #geriatrics ... #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
congenital adrenal hyperplasia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #peds #pediatrics
Acute Otitis Media: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings (in Children)
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: 
 - Bacterial: Streptococcus
. => Inflammation ... #OtitisMedia #pathophysiology ... #signs #peds #pediatrics