The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Retinopathy: Pathogenesis ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... retinal ischemia causes ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
focal melting) -> Retinopathy ... conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Subtrochanteric region spans 5 cm distally from the
fractures in elderly Causes ... Femur #Fractures #msk ... #orthopedics #diagnosis ... #differential # ... causes #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
-> Cherry-red spot ... retinal edema caused ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS)
 • Diagnosis Of CECS requires patient to undergo the same exertional
Chronic Exertional ... Syndrome (CECS) • Diagnosis ... activity that causes ... • Diagnostic ... signs #symptoms #msk
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis
 • Hyperparathyroidism
 • Vitamin D deficiency
 • Malabsorption syndromes
syndromes • Chronic ... Diabetes • Other causes ... pathophysiology #differential ... #diagnosis #osteoporosis
Bulimia Nervosa: Signs and Symptoms
Associated Psychological / Behavioural Features
 • Feelings of shame, guilt and embarrassment
gum disease from chronic ... indication of chronic ... Russell's Sign • Sores ... , scars, calluses ... pathophysiology #diagnosis