The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Hypersensitivity: Summary
Type I Hypersensitivity:
 • Immunological Mediator: lgE
 • Immunological Target: Allergen Molecules
 • Ex: Antibiotic
Immunological Target: Allergen ... fever, Urticaria, Allergic ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Hypersensitivity #Allergy ... #Allergic #Reactions
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
mediated; exposure to allergen ... development of allergen-specific ... Allergic reaction ... Initial exposure to allergen ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Type I Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Production of lgE Antibodies that bind to harmless allergens
leading to an allergic ... Sensitization" to Allergen ... Initial exposure to allergen ... after clearance of allergen ... • Hay fever (allergic
Allergic Rhinitis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

1. Allergy Sensitization -> Antigen Exposure -> APC (macrophages, HLA class
Allergic Rhinitis ... Allergy Sensitization ... Tissue edema #Allergic
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome ... =>Prader-Willi Syndrome ... #PraderWilli #Syndrome ... pathophysiology #peds #pediatrics
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Fecal Incontinence - Pathogenesis and Complications
Continence mechanisms are impaired
 • Local neuronal damage
 • External and
irritable bowel syndrome ... #Incontinence #geriatrics
Type III Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Small antigen-antibody complexes (produced from normal immune response to
HypersensitivityReaction #Allergy
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
constipation • Allergic ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... pathophysiology #geriatrics