The Calgary Guide to Understanding Disease @TheCalgaryGuide
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Opioid Withdrawal: Clinical Findings and Complications
Note: Opioid withdrawal can be extremely uncomfortable, but is rarely life-threatening
Opioid Withdrawal ... Clinical Findings and Complications ... Note: Opioid withdrawal ... life-threatening (exceptions being ... #Opiate #Pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Allergic reaction -> Benign ... decr intake -> Withdrawal ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
almost always a benign ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications

 • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of
Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal ... clinical findings and complications ... Asthma. or sense of being ... Benzodiazepine #BZD #withdrawal ... #pharmacology #pathophysiology
Periorbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Dacryoadenitis: infection of the lacrimal glands
b. Conjunctivitis: inflammation of the
Chalazion: a benign ... Periorbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Medications
Aging
 -> Increased Testosterone -> Testosterone metabolized into DHT by type
Benign Prostatic ... inflammation #BPH #Benign ... Hyperplasia #Prostate #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #Urology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
#Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Incr PVR if a complication ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology