Ravi Singh K @rav7ks
1.2M 757 370
Academic Hospitalist and Associate Program Director @SinaiBmoreIMRes, Medicine clerkship director GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences RMC at Sinai, Hopkins Medicine Clerkship Site Director, Clinical reasoning,Simulation and POCUS enthusiast - https://twitter.com/rav7ks
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Causes of Orthopnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Fear and Anxiety
 • Pleural Effusion
 • Ascites
Causes of Orthopnea ... • Ascites • COPD ... • Pulmonary Edema ... - CNS lesion: ALS ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
in 1923 Low ALP ... Most cases diagnosed ... nephrocalcinosis • CPPD ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Unilateral vs Bilateral

The left iliac vein has to cross
Peripheral Edema ... iliac artery in all ... even in systemic causes ... of edema, the left ... #Peripheral #Edema
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... disease - If ALP ... both are normal, ALP ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... : • Pathophysiology ... The predominant pathophysiologic ... • Pathophysiology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... ALP: - Enzymes ... Intestine - Other causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... - Asthma - COPD ... syndrome Other Causes ... Guillain Barre - ALS
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema ... Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema ... Causes include: ... of peripheral edema
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... Phosphate is a cause ... phosphorus is seen in COPD ... patients with COPD ... respiratory #hypoxia #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cause - Decreased ... intoxication Cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology