Ravi Singh K @rav7ks
1.1M 733 352
Academic Hospitalist and Program Director @SinaiBmoreIMRes, Medicine clerkship director GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences RMC at Sinai, Clinical reasoning,Simulation and POCUS enthusiast - https://twitter.com/rav7ks
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Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
affecting the lungs ... • Progressive lung ... Treatment: Active ... Initiating Treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
affecting the lungs ... • Progressive lung ... Treatment: Active ... Initiating Treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Treatment
Tuberculosis Testing

LATENT TB
• LTBI is diagnosed when an asymptomatic patient has a positive TST or IGRA
developing active infection ... infection • Recent ... viral infections ... immunocompromised (e.g., AIDS ... LatentTB #ActiveTB #InfectiousDiseases
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... 100% of cases), anemia ... #Infections #HIV ... #AIDS #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ... infections • ... Bone Marrow - Anemia ... patients with typical tuberculosis ... differential #diagnosis #infectiousdiseases
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... 80% sensitive Tuberculous ... - Hemorrhage, tuberculomas ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... Neutropenia - recurrent infections ... Idiopathic • Infections ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
and bacterial infections ... schistosomiasis • Pyemia ... • Disseminated tuberculosis ... Yellow fever • Tuberculous ... Brucellosis • Liver or lung
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
polymicrobial infection ... Leukocytosis, anemia ... hemorrhage • Treatment ... continue antibiotic treatment ... several months of treatment
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
• Hemolytic Anemias ... Prosthetic valves Lung ... pneumonia (late) • Tuberculosis ... Pneumonia • Other lung ... • Toxins • Infection