Diabetes Type 2 Medication Management and Titration Algorithm - First line therapy is metformin and comprehensive lifestyle changes - Established ASCVD or CKD - Without established ASCVD or CKD #Diabetes #DM2 #Type2 #Medication #Management #Algorithm #endocrinology #DMII

Alcohol Withdrawal Management Algorithm Mild vs Moderate/Severe #Management #Alcohol #Withdrawal #EtOH #Protocol #Algorithm #Phenobarbital #Diazepam #Valium

Management Algorithm for Status Epilepticus • Assess airway, breathing, and circulation • Pulse oximetry • Electrocardiogram • Finger stick (give IV dextrose if glucose < 60 mg/dL) • Aspiration precautions (lateral decubitus) First-line therapy: o Diazepam 5 mg up to a max of 20 mg o Lorazepam 2 mg up to a max of 10 mg o Midazolam 10 mg IV/lM/intranasal Second-line therapy: • Phenytoin 20 mg/kg IV at a maximum rate of 50 mg/min (may give additional 5-10 mg/kg) or • Fosphenytoin 20 PE/kg IM or IV at 150 mg/min (can give additional 5 PE/kg) or • Valproic acid 20-40 mg/kg at 3-6 mg/kg/min or • Levetiracetam 1000-3000 mg over 15 min Third-line therapy: • Intubation and electroencephalogram recommended • Pentobarbital 5 mg/kg IV at 1-5 mg/kg/hr, then 0.5-3.0-mg/kg/hr infusion as needed or • Phenobarbital 20 mg/kg IV at 50-75 mg/min or • Midazolam 0.2 mg/kg IV, then 0.1-0.4 mg/kg/hr or • Propofol 2 mg/kg IV at 2-5 mg/kg/hr, then 5-10 mg/kg/hr as needed #StatusEpilepticus #Management #Algorithm #Neurology #pharmacology #dosing #seizure

Radiographic Features of Pulmonary Diseases - Pneumonia - Atelectasis - Emphysema - Pneumothorax - Effusion - Carcinoma - Metastases - Interstitial - Nodular - Acute Interstitial - Ground Glass Opacity - Chronic Interstitial - Reticular - Emphysema - Pulmonary Embolism - Acute Pulmonary Edema - Congestive Cardiac Failure #Pulmonary #Diseases #Radiology #Patterns #Lung #CXR #XRay #ChestCT #Differential #Diagnosis

Clinical Management for Three Common Causes of Shock HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK • Ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation. • Provide immediate control of hemorrhage, when possible (eg, traction for long bone fractures, direct pressure), and obtain urgent consultation as indicated for uncontrollable hemorrhage. • Initiate judicious infusion of isotonic crystalloid solution (10-20 mL/kg). • With evidence of poor organ perfusion and 30-min anticipated delay to hemorrhage control, begin packed red blood cell (PRBC) infusion (5—10 mL/kg). • With suspected massive hemorrhage, immediate PRBC transfusion may be preferable as the initial resuscitation fluid. • Treat coincident dysrhythmias (eg, atrial fibrillation with synchronized cardioversion). CARDIOGENIC SHOCK • Ameliorate increased work of breathing; provide oxygen and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for pulmonary edema. • Begin vasopressor or inotropic support; norepinephrine (0.5 ug/min) and dobutamine (5 ug/kg/min) are common empirical agents. • Seek to reverse the insult (eg, thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty). • Consider intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation for refractory shock. SEPTIC SHOCK • Ensure adequate oxygenation; remove work of breathing. • Administer 20 mL of crystalloid/kg or 5 mL of colloid (albumin)/kg, and titrate infusion based on dynamic indices, volume responsiveness, and/or urine output. • Begin antimicrobial therapy; attempt surgical drainage or débridement. • Begin PRBC infusion for hemoglobin level <7 g/dL. If volume restoration fails to improve organ perfusion, begin vasopressor support with norepinephrine, infused at 0.5 ug/min. #Shock #Management #CriticalCare

Differential Diagnosis of Fever and Splenomegaly - Typhoid - Infective endocarditis - Miliary tuberculosis - Hodgkin lymphoma - Mononucleosis - Brucellosis #Fever #Splenomegaly #Differential #Diagnosis #causes

DKA Resuscitation Checklist - Diagnostic evaluation - Crystalloid - Electrolyte repletion - High-flow nasal cannula if patient has elevated work of breathing or severe acidosis (Bicarb mEq/L) - Scary Acidosis? #Management #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis #DKA #Checklist

Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia #Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets - https://amzn.to/2Z74DhY

Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm #Hyperkalemia #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #PseudoHyperkalemia #Nephrology #Causes

An algorithm for the evaluation of hyponatremia - Dr. Tom Fadial https://twitter.com/thame #hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology #differential