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Causes of Aphasia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Fluent - Grammatically correct, but nonsensical, tangential. Phonemic & semantic
Causes of Aphasia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Fluent - Grammatically correct, but nonsensical, tangential. Phonemic & semantic paraphasias Non-Fluent - Agrammatic, hesitant, but substantive communication Impaired Repetition • Impaired Comprehension - Wernicke's Aphasia, Global Aphasia • Intact Comprehension - Conduction Aphasia, Broca's Aphasia Intact Repetition • Impaired Comprehension - Transcortical Sensory Aphasia, Mixed Transcortical Aphasia • Intact Comprehension - Anomic Aphasia, Transcortical Motor Aphasia #Aphasia #Neurology #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Non-Fluent Aphasia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Non-Fluent - Agrammatic, hesitant, but substantive communication Impaired Repetition •
Causes of Non-Fluent Aphasia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Non-Fluent - Agrammatic, hesitant, but substantive communication Impaired Repetition • Impaired Comprehension - Global Aphasia • Intact Comprehension - Broca's Aphasia Intact Repetition • Impaired Comprehension - Mixed Transcortical Aphasia • Intact Comprehension - Transcortical Motor Aphasia #NonFluent #Aphasia #Neurology #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Mytomes - Segmental Innervation of Muscles Shoulder Abduction C5 Axillary Nerve Shoulder Adduction C6-C8 Thoracodorsal Nerve Elbow Flexion C5 Musculocutaneous Nerve Elbow Extension C7 Radial Nerve Wrist Extension C6 Radial Nerve Fingers Flexion C8 Median Nerve Fingers Abduction T1 Ulnar Nerve Hip Flexion L2 Nerve to Psoas Hip Extension S1 Inferior Gluteal
Mytomes - Segmental Innervation of Muscles Shoulder Abduction C5 Axillary Nerve Shoulder Adduction C6-C8 Thoracodorsal Nerve Elbow Flexion C5 Musculocutaneous Nerve Elbow Extension C7 Radial Nerve Wrist Extension C6 Radial Nerve Fingers Flexion C8 Median Nerve Fingers Abduction T1 Ulnar Nerve Hip Flexion L2 Nerve to Psoas Hip Extension S1 Inferior Gluteal Nerve Hip Abduction L5 Superior Gluteal Nerve Knee Flexion L5 Tibial Nerve Knee Extension L3 Femoral Nerve Ankle Dorsiflexion L4 Deep Peroneal Nerve Ankle Plantarflexion S1 Tibial Nerve #Mytomes #Innervation #MuscleGroups #MSK #Orthopedics #Neurology #Diagnosis
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain
Myotomes of the Spinal Cord Each segmental nerve root innervates more than one muscle. For simplicity, certain muscles or muscle groups are identified as representing a single spinal nerve root. External anal sphincter tone should also be assessed by digital examination. Note that the spinal cord ends at Ll (below this is the cauda equina). The cauda equina is more resilient to injury than the spinal cord. #Myotomes #SpinalCord #Diagnosis #Neurology #Localization
MAGIC DR – a handy mnemonic used to remember the potential causes of a cerebral ring
MAGIC DR – a handy mnemonic used to remember the potential causes of a cerebral ring enhancing lesion. M – Metastasis A – Abscess G – Glioblastoma multiforme I – Infarct (subacute phase) C – Contusion D – Demyelinating disease (eg. tumefactive MS) R – Radiation necrosis #Diagnosis #Radiology #Mnemonic #MAGICDR #DRMAGIC #Differential #RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain
Calcium Channel Blocker Conversion Table Nifedipine versus amlodipine - Nifedipine XL used only as the short acting
Calcium Channel Blocker Conversion Table Nifedipine versus amlodipine - Nifedipine XL used only as the short acting version was found to be associated with activation of sympathetic nervous system –> worsening myocardial ischemia and tachycardia #CCB #CalciumChannelBlocker #Conversion #Table #Pharmacology #Amlodipine #Nifedipine
Evolution of MRI Findings in Stroke MR images at five subsequent time points in a 67-year-old woman
Evolution of MRI Findings in Stroke MR images at five subsequent time points in a 67-year-old woman with left hand weakness, left facial droop, and slurred speech. This example shows the typical evolution of the T2 (top row), FLAIR (second row), DWI (third row), ADCCONV (fourth row), and ADCFLAIR (bottom row) of an acute ischemic lesion (right hemisphere). On the ADC maps, the lesion is hypointense up to day 7 and hyperintense at 27 days, making it possible to differentiate the acute from the chronic lesion. On the DWI images, the lesion is hyperintense at all time points so that, by visual inspection, the signal intensity of the lesion on the acute scan cannot be differentiated from that on the chronic scan. On the T2-weighted and FLAIR images, lesion signal intensity increases up to day 4 and remains high thereafter. Note that at 27 days the lesion is more identifiable on the ADCFLAIR map than on the ADC. #Evolution #MRI #Progression #Stroke #CVA #Clinical #Radiology #Interpretation #Findings #Neurology #Evolution #Timeline
Brain Vascular Perfusion and Infarct Territories By Dr. Eelco FM Wijdicks @EWijdicks #Brain #Vascular #Perfusion #Infarct #Territories
Brain Vascular Perfusion and Infarct Territories By Dr. Eelco FM Wijdicks @EWijdicks #Brain #Vascular #Perfusion #Infarct #Territories #Stroke #Localization #diagnosis #neurology #CVA
Progression of Imaging Findings in Acute Stroke - Timeline Onset → Hours → Days → Weeks →
Progression of Imaging Findings in Acute Stroke - Timeline Onset → Hours → Days → Weeks → Months • Pathology • Non-Enhanced CT • DWI • ADC • FLAIR • T2 • SWI • Pre-Contrast T1 • Post-Contrast T1 Christian Barrera, MD @CBarreraMD #CVA #Imaging #Stroke #Timeline #diagnosis #Progression #radiology #neurology
Using Stroke Windows for Detecting Ischemia on Head CT When evaluating a CT head for possible stroke,
Using Stroke Windows for Detecting Ischemia on Head CT When evaluating a CT head for possible stroke, narrow the window (W: 80 L:40 to W: 40 L: 40). See the difference in this acute left MCA territory stroke. W = Window Width • Narrow window is good for comparing tissues of differing attenuation (blood/lung vs soft tissue) • Wide window is good for comparing tissues of similar attenuation (similar soft tissues) L = Window Level (or Center) By Dr. Thomas Krewson @tomkrewson via Dr. Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM #Stroke #Windows #Ischemia #HeadCT #Radiology #CTHead #diagnosis #comparison
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