Important Biostatistics and Epidemiology Equations Sensitivity = TP / (TP + FN) = true positives / disease present Specificity = TN / (FP + TN) = true negatives / disease absent Positive Predictive Value = TP / (TP + FP) = true positives / all positives Negative Predictive Value = TN / (FN + TN) = true negatives / all negatives Positive Likelihood Ratio = Sensitivity / (1 – Specificity) Negative Likelihood Ratio = (1 – Sensitivity) / Specificity Sensitivity vs Specificity Mnemonic: - Sensitivity = SNOUT = Rule OUT - Specificity = SPIN = Rule IN #Biostatistics #statistics #Epidemiology #Equations #calculations #diagnosis #mnemonic #sensitivity #specificity #PPV #NPV

SEVEN UP Mnemonic - Sperm Ejaculation Pathway S - Seminiferous Tubules E - Epididymis V - Vas Deferens E - Ejaculatory Ducts N - None U - Urethra P - Penis #SEVENUP #Mnemonic #Sperm #Ejaculation #Pathway #anatomy #urology

Digoxin Dosing - Pharmacology Loading: 0.5 mg IV followed by 0.25 mg IV q6h x 2 Maintenance: 0.125 to 0.25 mg once daily #Digoxin #Dosing #Pharmacology #loading #maintenance #cardiology

I’M DAMN SHARP - Lupus Diagnosis Mnemonic I Immunoglobulins (Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Anti-phospholipid) M Malar Rash D Discoid Rash A Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) M Mucositis (Oropharyngeal Ulcers) N Neurological Disorders S Serositis (Pericarditis, Pleuritis) H Hematologic (cytopenias) A Arthritis R Renal Disease (Nephritis) P Photosensitivity #IMDAMNSHARP #sle #systemic #lupus #erythematosus #rheumatology #diagnosis #mnemonic

Carnett's Sign to localize Abdominal Wall (Musculoskeletal) Pain Step 1 : The clinician identifies and palpates the point of maximal abdominal tenderness (resting supine position). Step 2: The patient raises both legs Off the examination table (tense position) while the clinician palpates the abdomen. Alternatively, the patient can raise their head and shoulders off the bed, tensing the abdominal wall. Positive Carnett's sign: Palpation of abdominal muscles in the tense position elicits the same or more tenderness as the rest position → musculoskeletal source (abdominal wall pain). #Carnetts #Sign #Abdominal #Wall #Musculoskeletal #pain #physicalexam

MOVE STUPID - Mnemonic for Altered Mental Status (Delirium) - Metabolic (hypercalcemia, hyponatremia) - Oxygen (hypoxia) - Vascular (MI, Bleed, CVA) - Endocrine (hypothyroid, hypoglycemia) - Seizures - Trauma - Uremia - Psychiatric - Infectious - Drugs, Alcohol #MOVE #STUPID #Mnemonic #Altered #MentalStatus #AMS #encephalopathy #differential #diagnosis #confusion #Delirium

VINDICATE - Differential Diagnosis Mnemonic Use this mnemonic to generate a thorough differential diagnosis for any condition. V - Vascular I - Infectious / Inflammatory N - Neoplastic D - Degenerative / Deficiency / Drugs I - Idiopathic / Intoxication / Iatrogenic C - Congenital A - Autoimmune / Allergic / Anatomic T - Traumatic E - Endocrine / Metabolic #VINDICATE #Differential #Diagnosis #Mnemonic

Cardiac Auscultation - Murmur Intensity Grading Grade 1 Audible with a good stethoscope in a quiet room Grade 2 Quiet but readily audible with a stethoscope Grade 3 Easily heard with a stethoscope Grade 4 Loud, obvious murmur with a palpable thrill Grade 5 Very loud, heard not only over the pericardium but elsewhere in the body Grade 6 Heard without stethoscope #Cardiac #Auscultation #Murmur #Intensity #Grading #diagnosis #cardiology #physicalexam

Faget Sign - Pulse-Temperature Dissociation Causes of Relative Bradycardia • Infectious Causes: Legionella, Psittacosis, Q fever, Typhoid fever, Typhus, Babesiosis, Malaria, Leptospirosis, Yellow fever, Dengue fever, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, Rocky Mountain spotted fever • Non-Infectious Causes: Beta-blockers, CNS lesions, Lymphomas, Factitious fever, Drug fever https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30048576/ #Faget #Sign #Pulse #Temperature #Dissociation #relative #bradycardia #differential #diagnosis #causes

GI Cocktail (Pink Lady) Ingredients • 30cc Mylanta / Maalox (aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone) + • 10cc Donnatal (phenobarbital, hyoscyamine sulfate, atropine sulfate, scopolamine hydrobromide) + • 5-10cc Viscous Lidocaine (2%) Note: Relevant commentary on utility of the GI Cocktail: https://www.jwatch.org/na51961/2020/07/10/death-gi-cocktail #GI #Cocktail #Ingredients #Recipe #pharmacology #gastroenterology #gastritis #management #GICocktail #PinkLady