Dr. Michael Chew @mchew85
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GrepMed Gastroenterology-Hepatology Editor, Academic Hospitalist UC Davis Medical Center Internal Medicine, Yale Gastroenterology Fellow '22
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... relative with PBC ... inflammation and biliary ... Cholestasis #PBC ... #Primary #Biliary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... pregnancy Diagnose PBC ... consistent with PBC ... #PBC #Primary ... #Biliary #Cirrhosis
Difficult Selective Biliary Cannulation (SBC)
Factors associated with difficult SBC:
 - SMALL PAPILLA: can be difficult to
Difficult Selective Biliary ... Cannulation (SBC ... visualize the anatomy ... site - OTHERS: biliary ... #Selective #Biliary
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Diagnosis Algorithm

#Primary #Biliary #Cirrhosis #PBC #Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis (PBC) ... Algorithm #Primary #Biliary ... #Cirrhosis #PBC
Abnormal liver function tests algorithm.
 This figure details the initial response to abnormal liver blood tests.
Abnormal liver function ... initial response to abnormal ... *Abnormal USS may ... include extrahepatic biliary ... body mass index; FBC
Normal Colonic Diameters
Normal bowel caliber can be remembered using the 3-6-9 rule:
 - Small bowel: <3
Normal Colonic Diameters ... Normal bowel caliber ... drkeithsiau #Normal ... diagnosis #dimensions #anatomy
Cholangiogram Biliary Anatomy on ERCP

#Cholangiogram #Biliary #Anatomy #hepatology #ercp
Cholangiogram Biliary ... Anatomy on ERCP ... Cholangiogram #Biliary ... #Anatomy #hepatology
Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC). 

US, ultrasound; MRCP, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; ALP,
Diagnosis of Primary Biliary ... Cholangitis (PBC ... antibodies #Primary #Biliary ... #Cholangitis #PBC
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
(>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... Presence of CP or PC
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Management
A. Initiate therapy 
 - Initiate 1st line therapy with UDCA (13-15
Primary Biliary ... 1.5x ULN and/or abnormal ... survey disease #PBC ... #Primary #Biliary