Main types of autoimmune encephalitis in the ICU.
Anti-NMDAR anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Anti-GFAP anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, Anti-GABAAR anti-gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor, Anti-GABABR anti-gamma aminobutyric acid B receptor, Anti-LGI1 anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1, AMPA-R α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor, Anti-MOG anti-myelin oligodendrocyte protein, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, EEG electroencephalography, Abs antibodies, Rx prescriptions
#autoimmune #encephalitis #comparison #table #neurology #diagnosis
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial:
• No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp B, P.aeruginosa, S.anginosus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Enterobacterales, Legionella spp, Atypical infection (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae), Rhodococcus equi, Bordetella pertussis, Nocardia asteroides
Viral:
• CD4 > 200: Influenza, Adenovirus, RSV, Parainfluenza
• CD4 < 200: CMV, HSV
Mycobacterial:
• CD4 > 200: M.tuberculosis
• CD4 < 200: M.tuberculosis, NTM (M.kansasii, MAC)
Fungal:
• CD4 > 200: Endemic fungi (Coccidioides)
• CD4 < 200: PCP, Aspergillus spp, Endemic fungi (Histoplasma, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides), Penicillium marneffei
Parasitic:
• CD4 < 200 (Rarely): Toxoplasma gondii (CD4<50), Strongyloides stercoralis, Cryptosporidium parvum, Microsporidum
Non-infectious:
• CD4 > 200: Pulm embolism, Pulm edema, heart failure, COPD, Lung cancer, Primary pulm HTN, Lymphocytic or lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, Abacavir hypersensitivity
• CD4 < 200: Pulmonary Kaposi's Sarcoma, Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin's in particular)
Evaluation:
Imaging (CXR +/- High res CT chest scan), CBC/diff, Blood and sputum cx (Bacterial, Fungal, AFB), TB PCR sputum, PCP DFA sputum, LDH, ABG, BDG, Serum Cryptococcal Ag, Urine Histo Ag, Respiratory viral panel, Consideration of early bronchoscopy
Infectious Diseases Fellows Network @ID_fellows
#Pulmonary #Infections #HIVAIDS #workup #diagnosis #evaluation #differential #CD4
Insulin Dosing Basics - Initiating Insulin for T2DM and Converting Insulin Products
Insulin dosing can be complex and is super patient-specific, but here are the very basics! For type 2 diabetes, we initiate basal insulin at 10 units/day usually, or weight-based. Before initiating bolus insulin for type 2 diabetes, be sure to think about whether a GLP1 could provide enough control or if bolus insulin is truly needed. When titrating insulin doses if patients experience unexplained hypoglycemia, decrease the dose by 10-20%. Lastly, when converting from short to rapid insulin or from NPH to basal insulin, decrease the dose by 20% to account for lack of cross tolerance. This is important because we are seeing a movement away from using short and NPH insulin since rapid and basal insulins more closely mimic physiologic insulin, so you're bound to run into patient cases where converting is needed.
Jarred Prudencio, PharmD - https://www.instagram.com/ambcarerx
#Insulin #Basics #Dosing #Conversion #Initiating #Prescribing #Pharmacology
Effect of Anticoagulants on Coagulation Tests
PT / INR, aPTT, Anti-Xa Activity, Activated Clotting Time, Thrombin Time, Ecarin Clotting Time
Warfarin
UFH
LMWH
Fondaparinux
Rivaroxaban
Apixaban, Edoxaban
Argatroban
Dabigatran
- Dr. Eric Strong @DrEricStrong - Strong Medicine https://www.youtube.com/c/EricsMedicalLectures/
#Anticoagulants #Tests #Anticoagulation #Testing #Diagnosis #Laboratory #Effects
