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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia treatment blood hematology low product reactions rhabdomyolysis acidosis aniongap crrt encephalopathy epilepticus hyponatremia hypotonic k kidney
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... Normal, Renin High ... type 2 • Type 1 ... #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type 1 ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... (if preserved renal ... lactulose (peaks 1- ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Hyperosmolar states ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... 1. ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Hyperosmolar states ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... urinary losses: • High ... #nephrology #low
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... Kidney #Stones #Management ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
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