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diagnosis differential algorithm hypokalemia treatment high hematology low product reactions rhabdomyolysis syndrome acidosis aniongap classification crrt diuresis diuretics encephalopathy epilepticus
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
(if preserved renal ... lactulose (peaks 1- ... 2h) • Blood - ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... diet • Blood ... type 2 • Type 1 ... #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... starts by measuring ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type 1 ... #nephrology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Crush injury • Blood ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium ... #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal acidosis ... 1. ... 1. ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... losses: • High Blood ... #nephrology #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Diagnosis and Management ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
only if no clear cause ... Optimize volume status ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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