22 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Sarcoidosis Non-caseating ... Clinical: • Disease ... polyarthritis • Pulmonary ... #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Pulmonary
Sarcoidosis
Stage 1 - Bilateral LAD without involvement of lung parenchyma
Stage 2 - Bilateral LAD with involvement
Sarcoidosis Stage ... parenchyma Stage 3 ... interstitial lung disease ... Stages #Staging #Signs ... #Symptoms #Summary
Hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
In sarcoidosis the common pattern is right paratracheal and bilateral hilar adenopathy ('1-2-3-sign').
In
lymphadenopathy In sarcoidosis ... adenopathy ('1-2-3- ... sign'). ... postirradiation Hodgkin disease ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Pulmonary
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Lysosomal storage disorder ... involvement (type 2 and 3) ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... Serum cortisol < 3 ... endocrinology #diagnosis #signs
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
internal organs 3 ... skin thickening Signs ... and Symptoms: ... ), PAH (pulmonary ... rheumatology #diagnosis #signs
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
patients have no symptoms ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... Pulmonary and ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs ... #Symptoms
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... and signs below ... , Aspergillus 3. ... , Behcet disease ... cord #spinalcord #disorders
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
fifth decades. 3. ... Méniére's disease ... Vascular disorders ... weeks to months. 3. ... varying neurologic signs