11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Hypertensive: • High ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... urinary losses: • High ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Constrictive Pericarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram - Apical 3-Chamber View

Young Lupus patient admitted to hospital new onset
Echocardiogram ... could pinpoint the cause ... BP high-no evidence ... Had diagnostic tap-fever ... #clinical #cardiology
Echocardiography
Right ventricular function can be assessed using several methods and echocardiography is generally the first‐line tool
Echocardiography Right ... predictive of all‐cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Echocardiogram
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Intracellular Urate, Potassium ... Leukemia #Hematology #Oncology ... #Diagnosis
Pickelhaube Sign on Echocardiogram
Pickelhaube sign may be seen in mitral valve prolapse (MVP): High velocity (≥
Pickelhaube Sign on Echocardiogram ... prolapse (MVP): High ... prolapsing leaflets causes ... #POCUS #cardiology ... #clinical #diagnosis