11 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
IBD • Chronic liver ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
• Female:Male 9: ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... or higher • Liver ... #workup #hepatology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... ) Differential Diagnosis ... #Pregnancy #hepatology ... #management #pathophysiology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
decompensated liver ... Reye syndrome (Peds ... ) - Primary carnitine ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Liver Chemistry ... CAST) • ALT: primarily ... AlkPhos #Bilirubin #Hepatology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #LFTs
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
synthesized in: liver ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... • Elevation of urinary ... Hyophosphatasia #hepatology
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Findings • Primary ... stage, lasts 2 - 9 ... FrozenShoulder #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... Global mortality: 9- ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... at the time of diagnosis ... heart (2-5%), liver
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... DIC • Severe Liver ... Treatment: • Treat primary ... #Coagulation #diagnosis ... treatment #management #hematology