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diagnosis management hematology ammonia aortoenteric biliary caudaequina cholangitis cirrhosis differentiation encephalopathy fistula hemeonc hemophagocytic hlh hyperammonemia leukostasis lymphohistiocytosis lysis msk
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
myeloma, CML, AML ... rare): - Reye syndrome ... (Peds) - Primary ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... in APML Epidemiology ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... initiation • Differential
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... limb ischemia, bowel ... : • Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Causes: • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central) • Severe lumbar spondylosis • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... reflexes) • Urinary ... soon as bladder/bowel ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary PBC Epidemiology: • Female:Male 9:1 • Common European descent • Age:
• Female:Male 9: ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... PBC Signs and Symptoms ... bile ducts Differential ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... overload) Other Symptoms ... deficiency • Primary ... #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Aortoenteric Fistula - Diagnosis and Management Summary Epidemiology: • Uncommon but life-threatening • Most common site of bowel connection
common site of bowel ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... • Should be on differential ... Pathophysiology: ... • Primary AEF
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Reversible course Differential ... Seizures: Treat with AEDs
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
hyperinflammatory syndrome ... Types of HLH • Primary ... Common Signs and Symptoms ... Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology
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