8 results
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° HPT ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus ... #low #diagnosis ... #differential #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Tumor Genesis Syndrome ... Vitamin D: Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
absorption (Antacids, Phosphorus ... Primary or Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Algorithm • Low ... Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism ... PTH - Hypoparathyroidism ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Potassium depletion, Phosphorus ... Hyperthyroidism, Hyperparathyroidism ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ... • Locked-in syndrome ... ) → Arousal How ... • Vestibulo-ocular ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
Acid: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome ... type 1-4, Lowe ... Syndrome (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal ... Syndrome), Dent's ... Stones #pediatrics #nephrology