45 results
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... ) MEN I • Hyperparathyroidism ... • Possible ZE syndrome ... MEN IIa • Hyperparathyroidism ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... NormaI PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism ... type 2A, familial hyperparathyroidism ... Other humoral syndromes ... disease - Williams syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #Differential
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Redistribution - 1° HPT ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
• Milk-alkali syndrome ... Paget's disease • Hyperparathyroidism ... Electrocardiogram #Differential
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... deficiency • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... • Secondary hyperparathyroidism ... #Nutrition #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential ... Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism ... Phosphate, Low PTH - Hypoparathyroidism ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... PO4 > 5%: • Hyperparathyroidism ... Osteomalacia • Fanconi Syndrome ... #LowPhosphate #Differential
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Thyroid disease, Hyperparathyroidism ... , Geller syndrome ... , Gordon syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... #Hypertension #differential